Importance of Strategic Human Resource Management in Tesco

Importance of Strategic Human Resource Management in Tesco The business that I have chosen to study as part of this assignment is TESCO. TESCO is a public limited company, which is very successful and renowned in all over the world. I am always interested about TESCO and do my shopping very regularly from there. So I chosen to do my study about this particular business and it will help me to get information quite effectively and efficiently than any other organisation or business. Definition: Human resource management is the organisational function which is focused on recruitment, management, and providing direction for the employees of an organization. Strategic human resource management is linking of human resources with objectives and strategic goal in order to develop business culture and performance with flexibly, innovative. In an organisation SHRM means involving the HR function and implementing companys strategies through recruiting, selecting, training and rewarding personnel. 1.1 Importance of strategic human resource management TESCO: Strategic human resource management is a part of Human resource management. SHRM focuses on human resource programs with long-term objectives. rather than focusing on internal issues of HR, its focus on addressing and solving problems what effect people management related issues in the long run globally. So the primary goal of strategic human resources is to increase employee skills by focusing on business problems that happens outside of human resources. The actions that needed to be taken at first for a strategic human resource manager is to identify key HR areas ,where strategies will be implemented in the future to improve employees productivity, motivation and skill. Human Resource Management professionals are facing with some issues such as performance management, employee participation, human resource flow , reward systems and high commitment work systems in the context of globalization. These are some of the major issues that HR professionals and top management involved in SHRM that implemented in the first decade of the 21st century: Internationalization of market integration. Significant technological change. New concepts of general management. Cross-cultural factors The economic trend transferring from developed to developing countries in the world. SHRM also reflects some of the contemporary challenges faced by Human Resource Management. Such as aligning HR with core business strategy, demographic trends on employment and the labour market, integrating soft skills in HRD and finally Knowledge Management. References Armstrong, M (ed.) 192a) Strategies for Human Resource Management: A Total Business Approach. London:Kogan Page Beer, M and Spector,B (eds) (1985) Readings in Human Resource Management. New York: Free Press Boxall, P (1992) Strategic Human Resource Management: Beginnings of a New Theoretical Sophistication? Human Resource Management Journal, Vol.2 No.3 Spring. Fombrun, C.J., Tichy, N,M, and Devanna, M.A. (1984) Strategic Human Resource Management. New York:Wiley Mintzberg, H, Quinn, J B, Ghoshal, S (198) The Strategy Process, Prentice Hall. Truss, C and Gratton, L (1994) Strategic Human Resource Management: A Conceptual Approach, International Journal of Human Resource Management, Vol.5 No.3 1.2- The purpose of strategic human resource management in TESCO: The purpose of SHRM is to stimulate interest in the field of Human Resources by inviting HR professionals to speak about different aspects of their job and other HR issues. SHRM was created to provide assistance for development of its members, to provide leadership opportunities, and establish and support standards of excellence in Human Resource Management. SHRM aims to provide a sense of direction in an often turbulent environment so that organizational and business needs can be translated into coherent and practical policies and programmes. SHRM should provide guidelines for successful action, and the ultimate test of the reality of strategic HRM is the extent to which it has stimulated such action. There is an overall corporate purpose and that the human resource dimensions of that purpose are evident. A process of developing strategy within the organization exists and is understood, and that there is explicit consideration of human resource dimensions. The organization at all levels establishes responsibility and accountability for human resource management. It includes the responsibility to identify and interact in the social, political, technological and economic environments in which the organization is and will be doing business. The need for a Concept Much of the literature provides evidence that strategic integration is not well developed and advances reasons why to achieve it would be beneficial to organizations. Organisation advocated an increase in the input of human resource considerations at strategic planning, an attitude of treating employees as assets, more participation and involvement for employees, effective and open communications, less rule-oriented policies and practices, better training and career development opportunities, reward and recognition tied to performance. 1.3 Contribution of SHRM to the achievement of TESCOs objectives: Strategic HRM typically helps to achieve strategic goals in many ways. The main aspect of using strategic approach is alignment of all the levels of the organization with the organizational goals. The strategic approach to HRM will lead to development of policies that align with the organizational strategies. The various HR policies will try to reward positive behaviors which are essential to achieve organizational strategy. The HRM functions help to achieve corporate goals like growth or expansion by recruiting people, training and orienting them, and put them in new job assignments. The growth plans of any organization will require employees and recruitment is the only function which ensures that people with required skill sets are acquired. The retention strategy used by the company can lead to differentiation by retaining best of the talent force. Retaining best of the employees will lead to quality work, higher efficiency, customer satisfaction, etc. The strategic approach when taken helps performance management as there will be measurement of correct parameters which affects the organization as whole. It also ensures that correct feedback is obtained so that measures are taken to bring above the improvement. The other practices like performance appraisal helps to assess employee performance and using suitable reward system the company can channelize employees efforts to achieve organizational objectives. The training and development function ensures that the employees have the skill sets required to perform their tasks. The training programs are organized to train the employees for specific skills which will help them to achieve required goals. The strategic approach will help in developing effective training programs. Due to this the organization is benefited as there will be proper utilization of financial resources available for training and development function. The training and development function also supports the growth of the organization through career development of employees. It will be interesting to see how companies have benefited through HRM practices. Take the example of Tesco which is UKs biggest supermarket. It has more than 240000 employees and has seen consistent profits over the years. The company over the years has used participative management which has helped the organization as a whole. The company made use of the competitive A company or an organization is an entity where two or more people come together to achieve specific goals. The basic aim of any organization is to earn profits. There is always a talk on ways by which a company can earn profits continuously. In this context the word strategy is often heard. It is also said that proper alignment of strategy with all the processes is extremely important. In the present essay I would like to focus on how strategies help to achieve competitive advantage. I have also tried to evaluate the effect of linking strategy to human resource management to improve employee performance. I have found t hat properly aligning organizational goals with different processes helps the firm to achieve competitive advantage. It can also be seen through many examples how strategy linked to HR practices helps to improve performance of employees.An organization is always in dilemma regarding use of financial, technological and human resources. According Porter (1985) an organization must use resources which are valuable, inimitable and rare. In this context there has been a shift in focus from financial aspect to human resources. An organization is said to have sustained competitive advantage when the strategies applied by it are not applied by any of its competitors and are hard to implement. Now it is necessary to understand what strategy is? And which aspect of strategy gives importance to human resources? Strategy can be defined as plans and methods deployed by a company to achieve competitive advantage and operate profitably. It is related to the long term plans of the company. The reso urce base view of strategy sees it as a way to create opportunities using the organizations internal resources and competences (Johnson, Scholes, Whittington, 2005). According to this theory employees are considered as resource with knowledge, skills and experience present with them as the core of organizational performance. Now, human resource management (HRM) is the branch of management which deals with managing employees in an organization and using their knowledge to gain effectiveness. The resource based view looks employees as valuable resource, which is rare, their knowledge is hard to imitate, which provides organization to get competitive advantage (Pfeffer, 1994). Strategic human resource management can be defined as predetermined steps of human resource development activities undertaken to achieve organizational goals (Jackson, Schuler, 2003). The strategic approach makes it necessary for organizations to focus on improvement of Human resource capability (H helps the organization to improve its competitive position by improving human skills, knowledge and experience. The strategic approach to various human resource practices like staffing, performance management, training and development, career planning, etc helps in improvement of human resource capabilities. Beer et al. (1984) stated that with rapidly change in environment the makes it essential to take strategic approach to human resource function. Strategic HRM can therefore be considered as overall process related to long term human resource issues which are part of strategic management of the firm. The SHRM approach need that the HR function of the firm must set new priorities which are more business and strategic oriented. These priorities have less orientation towards traditional HR practices like staffing, performance management and training. There is more emphasis laid on improvement of organization structure, quality, values, culture and performance of employees which are the pillars of an organization. The traditional HRM focused more on physical skills. It was more of functional nature and there was lot of concern of individual efforts. It gave more importance to tasks and there was less focus on people. The strategic HRM focus on overall contribution and efficiency of firm (C hang Huang, 2005). It promotes innovation, creative behavior and cross function integration. This approach helps to produce employee behavior that focuses on core business priorities. This in turn helps to drive the growth, profits and market value of the firm. The strategic HRM approach systematically brings about coordination of all HRM measures and implements it, so that it influences employee attitude and behavior which helps a business to gain competitive strategy. There is need for proper strategic human resource planning as it helps not only to retain the talent necessary to achieve organization goals but it also helps in penetration of strategy at all level of an organization. Proper strategic human resource planning helps an organization to find the gap between current position of a company and desired future position. It helps to stimulate creative thinking and promotes proactive behavior. It helps to identify causes of the problems and opportunities present. Now let us examine these aspects in more details. For any company its employees are the major assets. So as suggested by Hertzberg (1959) in his two factors theory, the hygiene and motivating factors should be made available to them so that it results in satisfaction of employees. These factors include good working conditions, status, rewards, incentives, communication, work culture, etc. So if the hygiene and motivating factors are provided the employees will be satisfied and they will work productively. The question is how strategic approach to HRM helps to achieve competitive advantage? Strategic HRM typically helps to achieve strategic goals in many ways. The main aspect of using strategic approach is alignment of all the levels of the organization with the organizational goals. The strategic approach to HRM will lead to development of policies that align with the organizational strategies. The various HR policies will try to reward positive behaviors which are essential to achieve organizational strategy. The HRM functions help to achieve corporate goals like growth or expansion by recruiting people, training and orienting them, and put them in new job assignments. The growth plans of any organization will require employees and recruitment is the only function which ensures that people with required skill sets are acquired. The retention strategy us ed by the company can lead to differentiation by retaining best of the talent force. Retaining best of the employees will lead to quality work, higher efficiency, customer satisfaction, etc. According to Jain (2005) the organizations which have ability to attract and retain employees which have skills to achieve the organizational goals gets sustainable competitive advantage. The strategic approach when taken helps performance management as there will be measurement of correct parameters which affects the organization as whole. It also ensures that correct feedback is obtained so that measures are taken to bring above the improvement. The other practices like performance appraisal helps to assess employee performance and using suitable reward system the company can channelize employees efforts to achieve organizational objectives. The training and development function ensures that the employees have the skill sets required to perform their tasks. The training programs are organized to train the employees for specific skills which will help them to achieve required goals. The strategic approach will help in developing effective training programs. Due to this the organization is benefited as there will be proper utilization of financial resources available for training and development function. The training and development function also supports the growth of the organization through career development of employees. It will be interesting to see how companies have benefited through HRM practices. Take the example of Tesco which is UKs biggest supermarket. It has more than 240000 employees and has seen consistent profits over the years. The company over the years has used participative management which has helped the organization as a whole. The company made use of the situation by improving the way in which they interact with the customers. Tesco used continuous innovation, welfare management, customer relation in conjunction with HRM strategies to gain respectable position in UK retail industry. It treats employees as champions and involves them in decision making. It has also resulted in increase in employee satisfaction, efficiency, high work morale, motivation and greater acceptance to any change. Total development of all the employees within the organization is the main strength of Tesco. It constantly focuses on effective implementation and utilization of HR strategies, which has helped it to perform well in the market. For Tesco the HR policies go along with marketing strategies which are then placed into operation. The participative management practices have helped in improvement of the employees as well as the whole company. These have made them to achieve required performance through employee engagement. It has used distinct employee man agement practices which have helped it to achieve competitive advantage (Strategic HRM: TESCO, n.d). The strategic HR practices help to produce competencies that differentiate products and service and thereby create competitiveness. The strategic approach is also important as in many cases the human resource is in direct contact with the customer. Finally to conclude it can be observed that HRM function manages various functions like human capital skills, work culture, employee commitment, teamwork, productivity, etc. which is likely to be source of sustained competitive advantage for any TESCO. The human resources are extremely important in a company from finance to sales to customer service. There is a significant relation between satisfied employees and customer satisfaction. It is therefore necessary for managers and supervisors to ensure that employees are motivated, productive and enthusiastic.

RC Cola Case Essay

As we all know that Coca-Cola, Sprite, Pepsi are very famous drinks all over the world as well as Bangladesh. We can’t find single person who doesn’t like soft drinks. Mainly our young generation preferred to drinks. Now days there are many soft drinks company are coming continuously like Euro-Cola, RC Cola etc. Most of them are tastes are quite similar. Popularity of RC Cola is rapidly increasing day by day. In a small town, city even in villages RC Cola is available. RC Cola has taken a very strong place in people’s heart within very short time. One of the reasons is its price and another reason is its taste. The first line of beverages was named ‘Royal Crown’ and the first Cola was called Chero-Cola. Activities of the Management: Different activities of the management in RC Company Ltd. are given below: Planning: The overall planning approach in RC Company Ltd. is top-down. The seven members of the Board of Directors are responsible for the strategic planning and overall policy guidelines of the Company. Mainly the top level management plans al the long term and short term planning. ââ€"  Expansions of its products and sales are the long range planning. How can expand its products, sales and how it will be financed to earn more profit are its long term planning. * The lower level management of RC Company Ltd. makes short term plans. The management makes the plans of daily activities of the Company. Today or tomorrow’s work schedule making is the part of short term planning of RC Company Ltd. Organizing: Planning of the management of RC Company Ltd. establishes the goals of the company and how they are to be achieved. Organizing develops the structure to reach these goals. The CEO, Managing Director, Deputy Managing Director and Head of Factory are responsible for achieving business goals and overseeing the day to day operation. Co-ordinating: The CEO and Managing Director of the Company are assisted by a senior Management Group consisting of Deputy Managing Director and Head of Factory centrally and co-ordinates operations of offices. Management of RC Company Ltd. also trains their labors, so that they can get better performances from their labors. Directing: Through the planning the management of RC Company Ltd. builds climate, provides leadership and arranges the opportunity for motivation. Manager of the factory and offices plans and oversees the work of each of his or her sub-ordinates. Directing is aimed at getting the members of the Company to move in the direction that will achieve Company’s objectives. Controlling: The management approach in RC Company Ltd. is authoritative. Tasks are designed in such a way that one cannot leave without completing it as he is assigned for a day. Sitting arrangement in the factory and all offices is done in a way that the superior can monitor the sub-ordinates all the time. Budgeting, rewarding, punishing etc. are also practiced as control mechanism. Product planning: * RC Company designs the product according to the USA brand. * Import the raw materials from USA. * Assess the need of the market. * They assess the product cost and the price of the product in the market. * Import the machineries from USA. * They follow the production method of the foreign product. Production Method and Design: Most of the flavors of RC Cola are as concentrates, which are rigorously analyzed toensure the quality specifications. Each concentrate lot is coded and packaged, thenshipped on for the next step – the addition of sweetener and water to the concentratesto produce syrups for cola.The quality standards are very high. Mixing tanks must be of a specified grade of stainless steel. The entire syrup manufacturing system must employ hot sanitation. Precise control over water and sweetener components must be demonstrated. And,quality control professionals must oversee each step of the process. RC syrups start with fresh water, treated by using a multiple barrier filtration process.In one tank there are two large mixers, which look like wheels from outside. There tons of sugars are added to produce syrup. Then the syrup is transferred to the other tank where it is refined. After that it is kept under the Ultra Violet (UV) ray to cleanthe germs. In another tank the flavors are mixed. Finally it is transferred to thecarbonated chamber. Throughout the manufacturing process, they take special careto ensure that every step – from the selection of ingredients to the calibration of equipment – requirements. The final step is to verify that their efforts have been successful by testing the syrups for taste and adherence to their formula. Product and Customer solution: RC cola is a soft drink. We get it as a bottled drink. We get it in different size, quantity and taste. It contains calories, carbohydrate and sugar. There is no fat, protein and sodium. But diet cola has no sugar. We get it in different colors and flavors. It has no harmful element. It is a refreshing drink for all classes of people. RC is a product that consists of the basic physical offering and an accompanying set of images and services features that seek to satisfy needs. RC Cola is also that type product. Price and Customer cost: Price depends on its quantity. It is expected to all because the price is reasonable. We get it within 15-50 taka. Though the cost to market the product in the rural area is bit high, the price is same both to the urban and rural area. Pricing decisions are influenced by now responsive a target market is high or low price, the physiological created by prices and the actions of competitors. Inventory control: Inventory control balances the need for adequate stock against the costs of purchasing, handling, storing and keeping records on it. It is an attempt to keep enough material on hand to satisfy production requirements and at the same time avoid tying up too much capital in inventors. RC can keep its raw materials very well because if they do not keep their materials well they can face a heavy loss. Materials management: RC cola is a soft drink. To prepare it needs some elements that are very essential for it. The RC Company buys its raw materials from home and aboard. The RC Company establishes performance specification for required item, or accepts supplier’s specification. Department that needs submits purchase requisition to purchasing agent. Purchasing agent sends purchase order to supplier. Purchasing agent follows to confirm item will be delivered according to terms. Goods – received and inspected by the inspector of RC Company Promotion and Communication: Advertising is the main way of promoting new flavor and new design product. When the product is launched the company gives ads to the electronic media and paper media to create concentration of the people. When the new product is launched the company give discount in product. They offer several types of free gift with the newly launched product. Promotional strategy is the second element of the marketing mix. It involves the correct blending of advertising, publicity to create the promotional mix. Product and Customer solution: RC cola is a soft drink. We get it as a bottled drink. We get it in different size, quantity and taste. It contains calories, carbohydrate and sugar. There is no fat, protein and sodium. But diet cola has no sugar. We get it in different colors and flavors. It has no harmful element. It is a refreshing drink for all classes of people. RC is a product that consists of the basic physical offering and an accompanying set of images and services features that seek to satisfy needs. RC Cola is also that type product. Price and Customer cost: Price depends on its quantity. It is expected to all because the price is reasonable. We get it within 15-50 taka. Though the cost to market the product in the rural area is bit high, the price is same both to the urban and rural area. Pricing decisions are influenced by now responsive a target market is high or low price, the physiological created by prices and the actions of competitors. Responsibility to the Environment: Water pollution- Water pollution is caused by the dumping of toxic chemicals, sewage and garbage into rivers and streams. To keep the water pollution free, steps are strictly maintained by the RC Company people. Air pollution-Air pollution caused by carbon-monoxide and hydrocarbons that come from motor vehicles and by smoke and other pollutants from manufacturing plants. From the RC Company these gasses are not exhausted. Only very low amount of smoke exhausts from generators. Land pollution-Land pollution results from strip mining of coal and minerals, forest fires, garbage, disposals and dumping of industrial wastes including chemicals. RC Company is not caused any kind of land pollutions. Responsibility to Investors: Company also has a responsibility to the people who invest money to them. Proper management of funds-RC Company manages funds properly so as to return a fair profit to investors. Managers have a responsibility to thoroughly investigate their investments and to clearly present all facts and risks to investors. Access to information-RC Company has the responsibility to make stock information available to all potential investors. Executive compensation-Executives who run company carry tremendous responsibility and deserve to be compensated accordingly. A fair compensation program definitely rewarded executives for out-standing performance. Conclusion: The management approach differs from organization to organization. But all types of organization apply mare or less some common functions such as planning, marketing, HRM, co-ordinating and production. RC Company Ltd. successfully applies management functions in its operations. As a result, today RC Company deserves top position in the market of soft drinks.

The Free Essay Samples Trap

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Racism in Shakespeares Othello - 2768 Words

Racism in Othello Racism seems to be a big concern in Shakespeare’s tragic play, Othello. Because the hero of the play is an outsider, a Moor, we have an idea how blacks were regarded in England, in Elizabethan times. There are many references that bring about the issue of racism from the very beginning to the end. In the tragedy, where Othello is coming from is not mentioned, yet through the descriptions the reader is informed that he belongs to one of the Eastern nationalities such as African, Ottoman Turk or Arab. In this paper I am going to analyze some episodes involving a prejudicial, racist attitude and try to discuss whether Shakespeare was a racist or not. Even though the play is full of offensive definitions of black†¦show more content†¦Even though Othello has turned into Christianity and fight against Muslim Ottomans for the sake of Christian country he can not be accepted totally â€Å"The Elizabethan awareness of foreigners was closely conditioned by a traditional religious outlook on the world; and that much ‘new knowledge’ lay follow or was treated in a merely superficial manner because of this.† (Hunter 50) Even though Othello fulfills his duty as a general and he is appreciated by the authorities in Venice and earns a respected position, he is not embraced by the society enough to marry a Venetian girl. In his article â€Å"Othello’s Alienation† Edward Berry says that Shakespeare portrays Othello as a Moor because racial tension and anxiety pervade the atmosphere of Venetian society, and Othello himself, in his aspiration towards assimilation and anxieties about his blackness, internalizes a false dichotomy that can only dehumanize him (330). His otherness caused Venetians to assault him. The reason lies behind this can also be the fear Europeans have for Islam which was the religion of the most powerful empire of that time, the Ottomans, and the territories it controls. Since many African countries were controlled by the Muslims, Othello is probably coming from an Islamic background. Edward Said stated in his Orientalism: â€Å"For Europe, Islam was a lasting trauma. Until the end of the seventeenth century the Ottoman peril lurked alongside Europe to represent for the whole of ChristianShow MoreRelatedEssay on Racism in Shakespeares Othello2541 Words   |  11 PagesRacism in Othello      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Samuel Taylor Coleridges Literary Remains is just one of the essays that presents an attack on Shakespeare for his lack of realism in the monstrous depiction of a marriage between a beautiful Venetian girl, and a veritable negro, in Othello. He sees Shakespeares transformation of a barbarous negro into a respected soldier and nobleman of stature as ignorant, since at the time, negroes were not known except as slaves. (Appendix) The extract seems to raiseRead More Racism in William Shakespeares Othello Essay1059 Words   |  5 PagesRacism in William Shakespeares Othello The play, Othello, is certainly, in part, the tragedy of racism. Examples of racism are common throughout the dialog. 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Within Shakespeare’s Othello and Geoffrey Sax’s appropriation of Othello, the evolution of the attitudes held by Elizabethan audiences and those held by contemporary audiences can be seen through the context of the female coupled with the context of racism. The role of the female has developed from being submissive and â€Å"obedient† in the Elizabethan era to being independent and liberated within the contemporary setting. The racism of the first text is overtly xenophobicRead MoreRacism In Othello And The Tempest By William Shakespeare1145 Words   |  5 PagesRacism in Shakespeare or Absurdity? Is there racism in Shakespeare’s works or is this notion absurd? Shakespeare may not be racist, but two of his plays do contain racism. One may argue that Shakespeare does not openly speak of racism in his plays, but Shakespeare does write with the idea of racism in mind, because his characters do make comments that can be considered racist. In Shakespeare’s plays Othello and The Tempest, the underlying idea of racism is present in these works, and his audiencesRead MoreDifferences Between Film And Othello1503 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout the years the play Othello by William Shakespeare has been adapted both on the screen and on stage many times. The questions or race and racism that have quite often been a point of discussion with William Shakespeare’s play Othello can be seen through the bard, however some may argue that Othello’s skin colour was purely a plot device. This paper will look at two film that have been re-made since the 1960’s, w hich provides an analysis of the concept of race and how political ideas andRead MoreTheme Of Racism In Othello And The Tempest By William Shakespeare1102 Words   |  5 PagesIs there racism in Shakespeare’s works or is this notion absurd? Shakespeare may not be racist, but two of his plays do contain racism. One may argue that Shakespeare does not openly speak of racism in his plays, but Shakespeare does write with the idea of racism in mind, because his characters do make comments that can be considered racist. In Shakespeare’s plays Othello and The Tempest, the underlying idea of racism is present in these works, and his audiences can come to this conclusion, becauseRead MoreRacism In Othello Analysis829 Words   |  4 Pagesof Racism in Othello.† Shakespeare Quarterly, vol. 44, no. 3, Oct. 1993, p. 304. In this article, the author relates the idea of primal scene to racism in â€Å"Othello† . Primal scene is a psychoanalysis theory by Sigmund Freud. This theory claims once a child imagines or sees their parents having sexual relations they will be unable to repress this image from reappearing in their mind. The author relates this theory to the play â€Å"Othello† byRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare941 Words   |  4 PagesBlack Racism and the public’s reliance on stereotypes to judge individuals of a different decent can be traced throughout literature. The Elizabethan’s are no exception, and as their view of the word grew so did the permeation of racism and xenophobia in their society. Theater in Elizabethan England was full of stereotypical black characters that further perpetuated society’s racist tendencies. One play that challenged these stereotypes was Williams Shakespeare’s play Othello which depicts the